[Smashy the Hammer] [An Aspiring Luddite]
I carry no phone
An aspiring Luddite
In a wired world.
[Jeff Berry]
Jeff Berry is an early adopter of the Internet and the Web, a late adopter of Twitter, and declines to adopt Facebook. With the death of Google+, he's experimenting with federated platforms. He admins a medievalist Mastodon instance, and can found on t he PlusPora diaspora pod. He hates cell-phones.

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Tales From Munden's Chantry
Part Four

Over on my Mastodon account I've started posting threads about some medieval accounts from Munden's Chantry. Every now and then, I'll collate them, lightly edit them, and post them here. If you want to comment on them, Mastodon would be the place to do it ...

Here's the fourth batch.

Fifteenth Post

Die sabbati et in festo S. Wolstani, in primis in pane 7 1/2d. Item in servicia 8 d. Item in carnibus bovinis ovinis et porcinis 9 d. Item in piscibus 5 1/2 d.
 Summa 2s 5 1/2d

Englished:
Saturday the feast of Saint Wolstanus (19 Jan), first for bread 7 1/2d. For beer, 8 d. For meat of cows, sheep, and pigs, 9 d. For fish 5 1/2d.
 Total: 2 s 5 1/2d (should be 2s 6d)

First, let's talk dates. The last two reference points have been: the first Saturday after Epiphany (6 Jan) and the feast of St. Wolstanus (19 Jan). That's nearly two weeks apart! This week is on the feast of Wolstanus or Wulstan, another indication that Munden's Chantry is following the Use of Sarum, since York uses St. Germanicus. It's a Saturday, which means, counting backwards, that Epiphany would have been on Sunday, so the first Saturday after Epiphany is 12 Jan. And the calendar of the Use of Sarum that I'm looking at has no entry for 12 Jan., so proximo post festum Epiphanie is is!

Otherwise, pretty typical, so I can digress a bit about fish. After the last thread, a reader on medievalist.masto.host wondered if it would be salt fish or fresh fish, and I didn't know. So I went looking and here a few thoughts based mostly on Professor Maryanne Kowaleski's 'The Seasonality of Fishing in Medieval Britain.'1

Bridport lies on the southern coast of Dorset about fifteen miles of Dorchester. It's fisherfolk would have been able to access the Channel year round, so fresh sea fish would have been available since, as Kowaleski puts it 'good fishing could be had at almost any time of the year - only the type of fish varied.'

Working from memory now, the demand for salt fish became most prominent during Lent, when meat was eschewed and fish consumption rose accordingly, perhaps exceeding the ability of the fishers to meet demand, especially further inland. But don't quote me on that.

Back to Bridport (and Kowaleski), the dominant fish in January for our chantry priests were probably eel, whiting, and ling, with mackerel coming soon.

Sixteenth Post

Die sabbati et in conversione S. Pauli apostoli, in primis in pane 7 1/2 d. Item in servicia 10 1/2 d. Item in carnibus bovinis ovinis et porcinis 9 d. Item in piscibus 3 1/2d. Item in candelis 2d.
 Summa 2s 8 1/2d.

Englished:
Saturday the conversion of Saint Paul the Apostle, first for bread 7 1/2d. For beer, 10 1/2 d. For meat of cows, sheep, and pigs 9 d. For fish, 3 1/2d. For candles, 2 d.
 Total 2s 8 1/2d.

Pretty straightforward week. This is the 16th week I've done, and that means we can look at candles again. In October and into November, expenditures on candles are ha'penny/week. In early December, that drifts slightly, with 2 1/2d covering only 4 weeks. During the next weeks, the longest nights of the year, it takes 3d for four weeks and includes Christmas, Epiphany, and a couple of guest carpenters.

A few weeks back we were told that 3d buys 3 pounds of candles. (Item in 3bus libris candelarum 3 d.), that means they are running through about a pound of candles each week. What we don't know is the material used for the candles. Tallow was common, with beeswax as an expensive alternative. Given that our priests were not living lavishly, tallow candles seem most likely.

Seventeeth Post

Die sabbatit in festo Scolatice Purificationis beate Marie, in primis in pane 7 1/2d. Item in servicia 10 1/2d. Item in carnibus bovinis vitulinis ovinis et porcinis 10 d. Item in piscibus 7d. Item in farina avenarum 1d.
 Summa 3s 1/2d.

Englished:
Saturday, the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary (2 Feb.). First, for bread 7 1/2d. For beer, 10 1/2d. For meat of cows, calves (ie veal), sheep, and pigs, 10d. For fish, 7d. For oatmeal, 1 d.
 Total 3s 1/2 d. (should be 3s)

Savernak got ahead of himself and started to date this from Scholastica, but that's not until next week. So he corrected it back. Also, our old friend oatmeal is back! Holding steady about one penny's worth every three weeks.

The most interesting thing about this entry is that carnibus vitulinis appears for the first time. That is to say, veal. In a previous thread, I talked a little about the carnibus ovinis and how we couldn't be sure as to the age of the meat - lamb, hogget, mutton - without some further indication. I said that 'carnibus bovinus ovinis et porcinis' could probably be translated as 'beef, mutton, and pork' but might mean veal and lamb rather than beef and mutton - it might mean young animals rather than old ones. Here, however, we have a clear indication that if veal is meant, then veal is what will be written down. We also had a reference earlier to 'porcello' and if we take that as a suckling pig, then we have more evidence that beef, mutton, and pork is probably the right way to read 'carnibus bovinus ovinis et porcinis.'

Eighteenth Post

Die sabbati ante festum Scolastice virginis, in primis in pane 8 1/2d. Item in servicia 10d. Item in carnibus bovinus ovinis et porcinis 9d. Item in piscibus 9d. laboratores per diem in mensa.
 Summa 3s 1/2d

Englished:
Saturday before the Feast of Scholastica the virgin (10 Feb), first for bread 8 1/2d. For beer 10d. For meat of cows, sheep, and pigs 9 d. For fish 9d. Labourers at table for the day.
 Total: 3 s 1/2 d.

Fairly typical expenditures this week. There are some unspecified laborers during the week, but that didn't affect the expenses much. The last few weeks have been a bit on the high side. This week that's probably down to the labourers, but no labourers were noted last week. That was the week with veal, though. The average expense on weeks without guests is about 2s 9d., while with guests it's several pennies higher. This week is the same as when two carpenters were fed, so the impulse is to assume that this was two labourers, but not specialists like carpenters.

Nineteenth Post

Bonus thoughts!

As I was editing this latest batch for the web, I noticed something about the last two entries. It seems that Savernak, quite naturally, makes notes about the previous week's expenditures. Several times he has started to write the date for the current week, then strikes it out, and corrects it. This is the case in the last two weeks where first 'Scolatstica' is replaced with the Purification of Mary, and then is actually used the following week.

What I noticed as I was going back over the last few postings was this: there's a math error in the week for the Purification. Or is it? The value is the correct for the following week. It could just be coincidence. I speculated early on that from time to time Savernak might miss a week and then do two at once to catch up. If so, it would be easy to mistakenly enter the same value twice running.

No way to know, really, but interesting to think about.

('Tales From Munden's Chantry' is a nod to Ostrander and Truman's Grimjack, in case you care.)
1. Kowaleski, Maryanne. "The Seasonality Of Fishing In Medieval Britain." (2010). Available online in several places, and also as a chapter in: "Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe," Bruce, Scott G., ed. (Brill:2009)

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Luddite'sLog, 31 January 2024
© 2024 Jeff Berry
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